Forest and Wildlife Resources

1. India is considered one of the richest countries in terms of:

(A) Industrial development
(B) Population density
(C) Biological diversity
(D) Agricultural output

Answer: (C) Biological diversity

2. Why are forests and wildlife under stress lately?

(A) Due to rising sea levels
(B) Due to overuse of technology
(C) Due to insensitivity to the environment
(D) Due to natural disasters

Answer: (C) Due to insensitivity to the environment

3. What is the main reason for conserving forests and wildlife?

(A) For economic development
(B) For preserving air, water, and soil systems
(C) For tourism promotion
(D) For building more industries

Answer: (B) For preserving air, water, and soil systems

4. Which Act was passed in 1972 for wildlife protection in India?

(A) Forest Rights Act
(B) Wildlife (Protection) Act
(C) Biodiversity Act
(D) Environmental Protection Act

Answer: (B) Wildlife (Protection) Act

5. What was the main focus of the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972?

(A) Encouraging hunting of common animals
(B) Providing tax benefits to wildlife parks
(C) Protecting endangered species and their habitats
(D) Promoting animal trade

Answer: (C) Protecting endangered species and their habitats

6. Which of the following animals is included under full or partial legal protection?

(A) Indian elephant
(B) Snow leopard
(C) Great Indian bustard
(D) All of the above

Answer: (D) All of the above

7. What is the current focus of conservation projects in India?

(A) Focusing only on big mammals
(B) Promoting forest products
(C) Biodiversity as a whole
(D) Industrial development

Answer: (C) Biodiversity as a whole

8. Which of the following small species have now found a place in conservation planning?

(A) Frogs
(B) Insects
(C) Rats
(D) Lizards

Answer: (B) Insects

9. When were insects like butterflies and beetles added to the protected species list?

(A) 1972
(B) 1980 and 1986
(C) 1991
(D) 2001

Answer: (B) 1980 and 1986

10. In which year were plants first added to the list of protected species?

(A) 1986
(B) 1991
(C) 2000
(D) 1972

Answer: (B) 1991

11. Which authority manages most of the forest and wildlife resources in India?

(A) Local Panchayats
(B) Private Companies
(C) Forest Department or other government departments
(D) Tribal Communities

Answer: (C) Forest Department or other government departments

12. Which type of forest constitutes more than half of the total forest land in India?

(A) Protected Forests
(B) Reserved Forests
(C) Unclassed Forests
(D) Sacred Groves

Answer: (B) Reserved Forests

13. Reserved forests are considered most valuable for:

(A) Building urban settlements
(B) Mining operations
(C) Conservation of forest and wildlife resources
(D) Road development

Answer: (C) Conservation of forest and wildlife resources

14. What percentage of the total forest area is under protected forests?

(A) One-fourth
(B) One-third
(C) Half
(D) Two-thirds

Answer: (B) One-third

15. What are unclassed forests?

(A) Forests used for military training
(B) Forests preserved for religious rituals
(C) Forests and wastelands owned by government or communities
(D) Forests located in metropolitan areas

Answer: (C) Forests and wastelands owned by government or communities

16. Reserved and protected forests together are known as:

(A) Fragile forest zones
(B) Seasonal forests
(C) Permanent forest estates
(D) Community forests

Answer: (C) Permanent forest estates

17. Which Indian state has the largest area under permanent forests?

(A) Kerala
(B) Madhya Pradesh
(C) Jammu and Kashmir
(D) Odisha

Answer: (B) Madhya Pradesh

18. States like Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal have large percentages of:

(A) Protected forests
(B) Unclassed forests
(C) Reserved forests
(D) Community forests

Answer: (C) Reserved forests

19. Which group of states have most of their forests classified as protected forests?

(A) Maharashtra and Gujarat
(B) Bihar, Haryana, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Odisha, Rajasthan
(C) Uttar Pradesh and Goa
(D) Assam and Manipur

Answer: (B) Bihar, Haryana, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Odisha, Rajasthan

20. Forests in the North Eastern states and parts of Gujarat are mainly:

(A) Reserved forests
(B) Protected forests
(C) Unclassed forests
(D) Sacred groves

Answer: (C) Unclassed forests

21. Which movement in the Himalayas successfully resisted deforestation?

(A) Narmada Bachao Andolan
(B) Chipko Movement
(C) Beej Bachao Andolan
(D) Save Forest Mission

Answer: (B) Chipko Movement

22. Which law was cited by villagers in Sariska Tiger Reserve to fight against mining?

(A) Indian Forest Act
(B) Biodiversity Protection Act
(C) Environment Protection Act
(D) Wildlife Protection Act

Answer: (D) Wildlife Protection Act

23. What is the name of the forest declared protected by villagers in Alwar, Rajasthan?

(A) Van Suraksha Vana
(B) Bhairodev Dakav 'Sonchuri'
(C) Aravalli Abhiyan
(D) Shanti Van

Answer: (B) Bhairodev Dakav 'Sonchuri'

24. Which community movement focused on saving indigenous seeds and ecological farming in Tehri?

(A) Navdanya
(B) JFM
(C) Beej Bachao Andolan
(D) Jungle Bachao Movement

Answer: (C) Beej Bachao Andolan

25. When was the Joint Forest Management (JFM) programme formally started in India?

(A) 1972
(B) 1988
(C) 1991
(D) 2001

Answer: (B) 1988

26. Which state passed the first resolution for the Joint Forest Management programme?

(A) Madhya Pradesh
(B) Himachal Pradesh
(C) Odisha
(D) Rajasthan

Answer: (C) Odisha

27. What is the core idea behind JFM?

(A) Central control over forests
(B) Use of forest land for urban development
(C) Involvement of local communities in protecting degraded forests
(D) Exporting forest produce

Answer: (C) Involvement of local communities in protecting degraded forests

28. What benefits do local communities receive under JFM?

(A) Free electricity
(B) Tax exemption
(C) Share in timber and non-timber forest produce
(D) Guaranteed jobs in forest department

Answer: (C) Share in timber and non-timber forest produce

29. What has been the major contribution of the Chipko Movement?

(A) Promoting commercial plantations
(B) Legalisation of mining
(C) Conservation through community afforestation
(D) Introduction of exotic tree species

Answer: (C) Conservation through community afforestation

30. What are Sacred Groves?

(A) Commercially exploited forest areas
(B) Patches of forest protected due to religious or cultural beliefs
(C) Forests reserved for scientific research
(D) Forests owned by the government only

Answer: (B) Patches of forest protected due to religious or cultural beliefs

31. When was 'Project Tiger' launched in India to conserve the tiger population?

(A) 1980
(B) 1973
(C) 1990
(D) 2000

Answer: (B) 1973

32. Which trees are worshipped by the Mundas and Santhals of Chota Nagpur region?

(A) Peepal and Banyan
(B) Tamarind and Mango
(C) Mahua and Kadamba
(D) Neem and Jamun

Answer: (C) Mahua and Kadamba

33. Which animals are commonly protected around Bishnoi villages in Rajasthan?

(A) Tigers and Elephants
(B) Blackbuck, Nilgai, and Peacocks
(C) Langurs and Leopards
(D) Crocodiles and Snakes

Answer: (B) Blackbuck, Nilgai, and Peacocks

34. Which of the following is the correct definition of biodiversity?

(A) The total number of animal species in a particular habitat
(B) The variety of plant and animal species in a specific area
(C) The immense variety of living organisms and their interdependent relationships in a system
(D) The number of endangered species in a region

Answer: (C) The immense variety of living organisms and their interdependent relationships in a system

35. Which of the following is NOT a major threat to the tiger population as mentioned in the text?

(A) Poaching for trade
(B) Shrinking habitat
(C) Increasing tiger population
(D) Depletion of prey base species

Answer: (C) Increasing tiger population